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It’s the old “nature versus nurture” argument. Temperament is only partly determined by genetics a lot has to do with the way an animal has been raised. Human identical twins also have the same genes, but because those genes are expressed differently in each person, they have different freckle and fingerprint patterns.īack to the top Myth: Clones have exactly the same temperament and personality as the animals from which they were cloned. For example, if they’re Holstein cows, the pattern of their spots, or the shape of their ears may be different. That’s because of the way those genes are expressed-that is, how the information in that gene is seen in the actual animal. They have the same genes, but look a little different.
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Let’s think about the identical twin calves again.
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In fact, many clones have slight variations in coat color and markings. The offspring are not clones, and are the same as any other sexually-reproduced animals.īack to the top Myth: Clones are always identical in looks. A farmer or breeder can use natural mating or any other assisted reproductive technology, such as artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization to breed clones, just as they do for other farm animals. A clone produces offspring by sexual reproduction just like any other animal. That embryo is implanted into the uterus of a surrogate dam (a livestock term that breeders use to refer to the female parent of an animal) to grow just as if it came from embryo transfer or in vitro fertilization.īack to the top Myth: Offspring of clones are clones, and each generation gets weaker and weaker and has more and more problems. Clone embryos are made by using a whole cell or cell nucleus from a donor animal and fusing it to an egg cell that’s had its nucleus removed.
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The only difference is that clones don’t require a sperm and egg to come together to make an embryo. Despite science fiction books and movies, clones are born just like any other animal. Using cells from animal embryos to make clones has been has been around since the early 1990s, but the first animal cloned from a cell from an adult animal was Dolly the sheep, who was born in 1996.īack to the top Myth: Clones are a specific animal’s DNA grafted onto another body.Ībsolutely not. Identical twin mammals can be thought of as naturally occurring clones, but producing clones of mammals in the laboratory is relatively new. Amphibians such as frogs first underwent cloning in the 1950s. Some animals can reproduce themselves by vegetative propagation, including starfish and other relatively simple sea creatures. We’ve been cloning plants for decades, except that we refer to it as “vegetative propagation.” It takes about 30 years to breed a banana from seed, so, to speed the process of getting fruit to market, most bananas, potatoes, apples, grapes, pears, and peaches are from clones. In fact, we eat fruit from plant clones all the time, in the form of bananas and grafted fruits. Myth: Scientists can bring back extinct species by cloning them.Īctually, cloning isn’t new at all. Myth: Cloning can cure diseases in livestock. Myth: Meat from clones is already in the food supply. Myth: When a chicken clone lays eggs, the chicks that hatch are clones. Myth: Cow clones make human pharmaceuticals in their milk. Myth: Cloning results in severely damaged animals that suffer, and continue to have health problems all their lives. Myth: When clones are born, they're the same age as their donors, and don't live long. Myth: Clones have exactly the same temperament and personality as the animals from which they were cloned. Myth: Clones are always identical in looks. Myth: Offspring of clones are clones, and each generation gets weaker and weaker and has more and more problems. Myth: Clones are a specific animal's DNA grafted onto another body. The responses to the questions provided in this document represent the FDA’s view in light of the conclusions and recommendations outlined in the Animal Cloning Risk Assessment, Risk Management Plan, and Guidance for Industry #179.